Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering
Assessment of groundwater quality using chemical indices and GIS mapping in Jada area, Northeastern Nigeria
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Abstract
Analytical results of groundwater quality in Jada and environs indicated that the order of abundance of cation concentration were Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+> Na+ while those of the anions were HCO3 >Cl->SO24>NO3. The groundwater quality is good for human consumption based on Revelle and Contamination indices but poses health risk due to bacteriological contamination. The Revelle and Contamination indices ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 and -10.5 to -8.2 with mean values of 0.2 and -9.7 and coliform number counts ranged from 1 to 12 with mean of 4, respectively. EC, TDS and TH values indicated good quality water for irrigation practice. The chemical Index such as SAR, RSC, and KI, % Na, PI and MR were calculated. The results indicated that PI and MR values revealed groundwater quality that is unsuitable for irrigation practice. PI values ranged from 24.1 to 254.3% with mean of 93%, MR ranged from 34.3 to 82.5% with mean of 60.8%. Chloro-Alkaline Indices 1, 2 calculations show positive values which indicated exchange of Na and K from water with Mg and Ca of the rocks. The geographical information system using Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) delineated areas of different groundwater quality status based on selected parameters.
