Abstract
This paper
examine the unconditional lagged return-order imbalance relation and find that
either before or after the financial crisis, the correlation between returns
and lagged-one order imbalance is both positive. We also show that before the financial
crisis, contemporaneous order imbalances are significant and positive, while
some of the coefficients of lagged-one imbalances turn to be significantly
negative. After the financial crisis, however, the signs of a positive
relationship between contemporaneous order imbalances and returns become
weaker, but the lagged-one order balances coefficients become stronger. In
GARCH model, our results are significant at 1% level, and order imbalance
clearly has a higher predictive power after the financial crisis than before the
financial crisis, even the market liquidity is less after the financial crisis.
Although our results show that the explanatory power of order imbalance towards
volatility may be greater after the financial crisis, the proportion of
significantly positive or negative coefficients of order imbalances is less
than we expect. We construct an imbalance-based trading strategy and find no
significant positive returns before and after the financial crisis. Thus, we cannot
earn positive returns by using the strategy during pre-crisis and post-crisis
periods.
JEL classification numbers: G11, G14
Keywords: illiquid trade, investment
bank, financial crisis